IoT-Focused Automation in Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Review of Current Trends and Future Research Directions

Abstract

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is redefining operational paradigms in smart manufacturing. This paper presents a systematic literature review examining recent advancements in IoT-enabled automation within FMS, emphasizing decentralized intelligence, real-time process optimization, and autonomous control. IoT frameworks facilitate dynamic reconfiguration, predictive maintenance, and interoperability with cyber-physical systems and digital twins, enabling increased system responsiveness and resilience. The review critically assesses existing approaches involving wireless sensor networks, edge/cloud computing, and intelligent control mechanisms, identifying prevailing architectural and algorithmic frameworks. Despite notable advancements, significant research gaps persist, particularly in standardization protocols, system integration at industrial scale, and AI-driven decision support systems. Challenges related to latency, cybersecurity, and interoperability hinder full-scale deployment. Future research should prioritize the development of robust, scalable architectures integrating AI, blockchain, and digital twins to support secure, adaptive, and autonomous FMS. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on Industry 4.0 by mapping current trends, identifying unresolved technical issues, and proposing concrete directions for future investigation in smart manufacturing environments.