Impact of Water Pollution on Human Health & Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Review
Keywords:
Climate Change, Vegetation, Plant Toxicity, Phytotoxins, Secondary Metabolites, Plant Physiology, Ecological Impacts, Ecosystem Stability, Environmental Stressors.Abstract
Water pollution is a critical global challenge that poses significant risks to human health, ecosystems, and economic stability. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the risk factors associated with water pollution, focusing on its diverse sources, impacts, assessment methodologies, and management strategies. The literature indicates that industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban stormwater are the primary contributors to water pollution, each presenting unique challenges and risks. Industrial activities release hazardous substances, including heavy metals and organic compounds, which can severely affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. Agricultural practices contribute to nutrient loading and pesticide runoff, leading to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Urban runoff exacerbates water quality issues by transporting pollutants from impervious surfaces into water bodies. The health impacts of water pollution are profound, with contaminated water sources linked to waterborne diseases and long-term health issues due to chemical exposure. Ecologically, water pollution disrupts aquatic ecosystems, threatening biodiversity and leading to phenomena such as hypoxia. Economically, the costs associated with water pollution are substantial, affecting industries such as fishing and tourism and resulting in increased healthcare expenses. Effective risk analysis is essential for understanding and mitigating the impacts of water pollution. This review highlights the importance of regulatory frameworks, technological innovations, and community engagement in managing water quality. Integrated approaches that consider the interconnectedness of water systems, land use, and human activities are crucial for developing effective solutions. By prioritising risk analysis and adopting comprehensive management strategies, stakeholders can work towards safeguarding water resources for future generations, ensuring a sustainable and healthy environment for all. This review underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts to address the multifaceted challenges posed by water pollution and protect vital water resources globally.
How to cite this article:
Kaur N. Impact of Water Pollution on Human
Health & Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Review.
J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2026; 13(1&2): 26-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202616
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