The Interplay Between Climate Change and Agricultural Productivity

Abstract

Climate change presents one of the greatest threats to global agriculture, influencing not only crop productivity but also food security and rural livelihoods. Rising temperatures, irregular precipitation, and extreme weather events are intensifying pressure on farming systems while exacerbating soil degradation, pest outbreaks, and water scarcity. This study investigates the relationship between climate variability and agricultural outcomes using both empirical data and recent literature. A dataset of climatic and agricultural indicators was analysed to assess correlations and model predictive capacity for crop yield and food security. Results showed weak linear relationships and limited predictive accuracy, underscoring the complexity of climate–agriculture dynamics. Alongside the data analysis, the paper reviews technological and policy innovations such as precision agriculture, drone applications, intelligent monitoring systems, and forestry conservation. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated, climate-smart strategies that combine scientific innovation with inclusive governance to ensure sustainable food production in an era of rapid environmental change.