Adverse Effects of Climate Change on Human and Animal Lifestyles: A Socio-Ecological Perspective

Abstract

Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges to both human society and natural ecosystems, as it profoundly alters patterns of daily life. This paper examines the adverse effects of climate change on the lifestyles of humans and animals from a socio-ecological perspective, highlighting how these effects go beyond issues of survival to encompass subtle but significant transformations in routines, behaviors, and social structures. Focusing on food security, occupational shifts, health outcomes, migration behavior, and cultural practices, the study synthesizes current research and real-world case studies to demonstrate the interconnected ways in which climate instability disrupts the fabric of social and ecological communities. Evidence shows that humans are compelled to change dietary habits, occupational roles, and social rituals in response to environmental instability, while animals are forced to adapt migration routes, feeding patterns, and breeding cycles under ecological stress. The paper discusses the critical parallels between human and animal adaptations, as well as the cascading effects such changes have on both groups’ welfare and survival. Key recommendations emphasize the adoption of sustainable and climate-resilient strategies, such as diversified agriculture, urban green infrastructure, enhanced health systems, and conservation corridors, to support both human and animal adaptation in the face of accelerating change. By applying a socio-ecological lens, this research underscores the urgent need for integrated, cross-disciplinary approaches to mitigate the ongoing and future impacts of climate change on all aspects of life.