A Comprehensive Review on Buck–Boost Integrated Control Strategies for Cascaded PV Inverter Systems under Variable Irradiation and Unbalanced Grid Conditions

Mohamed Emadeldin Mohamed Awadalkarem, Priyanka Maheshwari, Abhimanyu Kumar — Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

With the rapid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into modern power networks, the need has increased for power converters whose efficiency is high enough that they can remain stable with fluctuating irradiance. and temperature variations as well as unbalanced loading conditions. Their standard single-stage evidences a lack of voltage regulation which, in turn, results in imperfect power extraction and unnecessary elevated harmonic distortion. It further discomfort scales grid stability. The paper reviews the progress of the technology, challenges faced, and innovations of PV inverter control with an accentuated exploration aiming at buck-boost control integrated by cascaded and per-phase distributed inverter structures. Research from 2021 to 2025 has shown a change of focus toward the development of intelligent converter designs, algorithm projects for adaptiveness, coordinating DC-DC/DC-AC operations for system performance enhancement. The review amalgamates with the results from studies regarding dual-iteration-based modeling, hybrid metaheuristic optimization (HJAYADE, POA, ITSA), dynamic fractional order modeling, AI-based irradiance forecasting, and advanced MPPT techniques (fuzzy logic, MSSA-optimized controllers, MPC, and deep learning). Further improvements manifested include significantly reduced RMSE in PV parameter estimation, an MPPT tracking efficiency of more than 99%, a THD rate below 1% for currents and voltages, and perhaps noticeable active power increases in grid-interconnected cases.

Journal of Advanced Research in Instrumentation and Control Engineering

A Comprehensive Review on Buck–Boost Integrated Control Strategies for Cascaded PV Inverter Systems under Variable Irradiation and Unbalanced Grid Conditions