A Blockchain and IoT-Based Sustainable Battery Monitoring Framework for Smart Electric Drive Systems

Abstract

This paper outlines a theoretical framework for a sustainable, intelligent, and secure system for monitoring batteries by leveraging the combined strengths of blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. As electric vehicles (EVs) gain popularity, the need for reliable, transparent, and tamper-resistant battery management solutions is increasing. Conventional Battery Management Systems (BMS) depend on centralised data storage and lack predictive functionalities, which renders them susceptible to manipulation and inefficiencies. The proposed architecture introduces a decentralised model that envisions real-time collection of sensor data, synchronised processing of events, and immutable logging of data via blockchain. Additionally, the model integrates theoretical machine learning algorithms aimed at forecasting battery state-of-health and detecting anomalies. The framework operates through a multi-layered structure that includes data acquisition, synchronisation, blockchain encoding, predictive analytics, and user interaction—each component defined as a functional abstraction to guarantee adaptability and compatibility across platforms. The model anticipates various applications in fleet management, energy trading, vehicles connected to the grid, and warranty enforcement, fostering a more transparent and accountable ecosystem for EVs. By excluding hardware specifications and concentrating purely on theoretical aspects, this paper establishes a foundation for academic exploration and future technological implementation.